8th+Grade+Astronomy


 * Established Goals: **

 (7) Earth and space. The student knows the effects resulting from cyclical movements of the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The student is expected to:  (A) model and illustrate how the tilted Earth rotates on its axis, causing day and night, and revolves around the Sun causing changes in seasons;  (B) demonstrate and predict the sequence of events in the lunar cycle; and  (C) relate the position of the Moon and Sun to their effect on ocean tides. (8) Earth and space. The student knows characteristics of the universe. The student is expected to: (A) describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, and galaxies, and use models such as the Herztsprung-Russell diagram for classification; (B) recognize that the Sun is a medium-sized star near the edge of a disc-shaped galaxy of stars and that the Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star; (C) explore how different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum such as light and radio waves are used to gain information about distances and properties of components in the universe; (D) model and describe how light years are used to measure distances and sizes in the universe; and (E) research how scientific data are used as evidence to develop scientific theories to describe the origin of the universe.

**Enduring Understandings: ** **//S// ****//tudents will understand that…// **

 <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">The Earth, Sun, and Moon rotate and revolve in a system <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">How the Lunar Cycle and Earth’s tides are related <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">the universe is composed of many parts <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">there are different scientific theories of the origin of the universe <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">the size of the universe can be measured <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">the position of the Sun within our galaxy

<span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Essential Questions (framed in appropriate “kid language”):

<span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">What are the effects of the Earth’s rotation and revolution? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">How is the Earth affected by. <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> - its rotation on its axis? - the moon? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Why does the moon appear to change shape? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">In what ways do stars change over time? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">How does the moon effect the Earth’s tides? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">What are the characteristics of our galaxy? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">What are the common scientific theories of the origin of the universe? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">How is the universe measured? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">What does the HR diagram represent?

//<span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif';">Students will know… //

<span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;">

<span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">the differences between rotation and revolution <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">day/night, seasons, and the year is caused by the Earth’s rotation, axis tilt, and revolution. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">moon phases are a result of the amount of the sunlight side that faces the Earth <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">that stars are classified by size, temperature and brightness (absolute and apparent magnitude) <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">the life cycle of a star <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">the most common theories used to explain the origin of the universe <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">that light years are a unit of measure for distances in the universe <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">how the electromagnetic spectrum is used to gain information about the universe //<span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif';">Students will be able to… //

<span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">determine seasons based upon the position of the Earth in relation to the sun <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">predict phase of moon and tides based on its position in relation to the Earth <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">use rotation & revolution to explain time in days, months, and years <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">distinguish between absolute and apparent magnitude <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">read and interpret the HR diagram <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">illustrate the life cycle of a star <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">research the most common theories used to explain the origin of the universe <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"> ¨ <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">use the E.M.S. to predict the movement of matter in the universe <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">

** <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">Vocabulary: **<span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">Axis orbit gravity latitude <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">solstice equinox spring equinox fall equinox <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">solar eclipse lunar eclipse moon phases rotation <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">revolution high tide low tide spring tide <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">neap tide constellation galaxy universe <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">lightyear Red giant super giant star apparent magnitude <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">absolutemagnitude main sequence HR diagram nebula <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">protostar white dwarf black dwarf supernova <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">neutron star blackhole spiral galaxy Milky Way galaxy <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">elliptical galaxy irregulargalaxy Big Bang Theory electromagnetic spectrum <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">amplitude wavelength frequency crest <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">trough